Glossary

صرف (ṣarf) learn more morphology
نحو (naḥw) learn more syntax
إعراب (’i‘rab) learn more ’i‘rab / syntactic analysis
حركات (ḥarakāt) learn more short vowel marks / diacritics
الحالات الإعرابية (al-ḥālāt al-’i’rābiyya) learn more grammatical cases
ضبط (ḍabṭ) learn more vocalization
تشكيل (tashkīl) learn more full vocalization
اسم (ism) learn more noun (!)
فعل (fi‘l) learn more verb
حزف (ḥarf) learn more ḥarf
عدد (‘adad) learn more number
مفرد (mufrad) learn more singular
مثنى (muthanna) learn more dual
جمع (jam‘) plural
جمع تكسير (jam‘ taksīr) learn more broken plural
جمع المذكر السالم (jam‘ al-mudhakkar as-sālim) learn more sound masculine plural
جمع المؤنث السالم (jam‘ al-mu’annath as-sālim) learn more sound feminine plural
جموع الكثرة (jumū‘ al-kathra) learn more plurals of multitude
جموع القلة (jumū‘ al-qilla) learn more plurals of fewness 
جمع الجمع (jam‘ al-jam’) learn more plural of a plural
جنس (jins) gender
مؤنث (mu’annath) learn more feminine
مذكر (mudhakkar) learn more masculine
تاء مربوطة (tā marbūṭa) learn more tā marbūṭa
صفة (ṣifa) learn more adjective
تفضيل (tafḍīl) learn more elative & superlative
وزن ج أوزان (wazn, awzān) learn more form, pattern
أفعال رباعية (af‘āl rubā‘iyya) learn more quadriliteral verbs
معرفة (ma‘rifa) learn more definite
نكرة (nakira) learn more indefinite
مرفوع (marfū‘) learn more in the U-case / nominative case
منصوب (manṣūb) learn more in the A-case / accusative case
مجرور (majrūr) learn more in the I-case nouns / genitive case
مجزوم (majzūm) learn more in the zero-case / sokūn-case verbs / ø-case 
إضافة (iḍāfa) learn more genitive construction
إضافة غير حقيقية (iḍāfa ġayr ḥaqīqiyya) learn more false genitive construction
القعل الماضي (al-fi‘l al-māḍi) learn more past tense
القعل المضارع (al-fi‘l al-muḍāri‘) learn more present tense
الأمر (al-amr) learn more imperative
حذف النون (ḥadhf an-nūn) learn more deletion of the nun
معرب (mu‘rab) learn more declinable
مبني (mabni) learn more indeclinable
اسم موصول (ism mawṣūl) learn more relative pronoun
اسم إشارة (ism išāra) learn more demonstratitve pronoun
جملة فعلية (jumla fi‘liyya) learn more verbal sentence
جملة اسمية (jumla ismiyya) learn more nominal sentence / noun-cause  
مبتدأ (mubtada’) learn more subject (in a noun-clause)
فاعل (fā‘il) learn more subject (in a verbal sentence)
خبر (khabar) learn more predicate/ „news“
اسم فاعل (ism fā‘il) learn more active participle
اسم مفعول (ism maf‘ūl) learn more passive participle
مصدر (maṣdar) learn more verbal noun
مفعول به (maf’ūl bihi) learn more accusative object
مفعول مطلق (maf’ūl muṭlaq) learn more cognate accusative
مفعول فيه / ظرف الزمان/المكات (ẓarf al-makān/az-zamān / maf‘ūl fihi) learn more adverb of time or place
مفعول لأجله (maf‘ūl li-’ajlihi) learn more maf‘ūl li-’ajlihi
مفعوب معه (maf‘ūl ma‘ahu) learn more maf‘ūl ma‘ahu
ممنوع من الصرف (mamnū‘ min aṣ-ṣarf) learn more diptote  
 شبه جملة (shibih jumla) learn more prepositional phrase
حرف الجر (ḥarf al-jarr) learn more preposition
حروف النقي (ḥurūf an-nafi) learn more particles of negation
مقدر (muqaddar) learn more implied
اشتقاق (ištiqāq) learn more etymology or derivational morphology
ٍمتعد (muta”adin) learn more transative
لازم (lāzim) learn more intranstive
الأسماء الخمسة (al-asmā al-khamsa) learn more „the five nouns“
الأفعال الخمسة (al-af‘āl al-khamsa) learn more „the five verbs“
أنواع ما(anwā‘ mā) (anwā‘ mā) learn more types of ma
تمييز (tamyīz) learn more accusative of specification / 
حال (ḥāl) learn more circumstantial adverb
أسلوب الاستفهام (uslūb al-istifhām) learn more interrogative pronoun
إنّ وأخواتها (inna wa akhawātuhā) learn more “inna and her sisters
كان وأخواتها (kāna wa akhawātuhā) learn more “kāna” and her sisters
كاد وأخواتها (kāda wa akhawātuhā) learn more “kāda” and her sisters
ظن وأخواتها (ẓanna wa akhawātuha) learn more “ẓanna” and her sisters
النداء (an-nidā) learn more vocative
استغاثة (istiġātha) learn more calling for help
تعجب (ta‘ajjub) learn more expressions of astonishment
اسلوب القسم (uslūb al-qasam) learn more ways of saying an oath
أسلوب المدح والذم (uslūb al-madḥ wa adh-dhamm) learn more means of praising and criticizing
 أسلوب الشرط (uslūb aš-šarṭ) learn more the conditional
افعال جامدة (af‘āl jāmida) learn more “stiff” verbs
أسماء جامدة (asmā’ jāmida) learn more “stiff” nouns
 انواع اللام (anwā‘ al-lām) learn more kinds of lām
توكيد (tawkīd) learn more emphasis (semantic)
مبني للمجهول (mabni li-l-majhūl) learn more passive
البلاغة (al-balāġa) learn more rhetoric
أساليب بلاغية (asālīb balāġiyya) learn more rhetorical devices
مبالغة (mubāligha) learn more  
تنوين (tanwīn) learn more nunation
عاقل (‘āqil) learn more human
غير عاقل (ġayr ‘āqil) learn more „non-human“
صفة جملة learn more relative clause (?)
فعل صريح (f‘il ṣarīḥ) learn more verbs with no vowel as one of the three radicals
فعل معتل (fi‘l mu‘attal) learn more verbs with a vowel in the root
معتل الأول / مثال (mu‘attal al-awwal / mithāl) learn more first radical weak
أجوف (ajwaf) learn more hollow
ناقص / معتل الآخر (mu‘tal al-ākhir / nāqiṣ) learn more final weak
لفيف (lafīf) learn more two radicals weak
مفروق (mafrūq) learn more first and last radical weak
مقرون (maqrūn) learn more second and last radical weak
صحيح الآخر (ṣaḥīḥ al-ākhir) learn more last radical not a vowel
حرف علة (ḥarf ‘illa) learn more vowel
 حرف صحيح (ḥarf ṣaḥīḥ) learn more consonant
حرف ساكن (ḥarf sākin) learn more silent letter
حرف متحرك (ḥarf mutaḥḥarak) learn more vocalized letter
ضمير (ḍamīr) learn more pronoun
ضمير المتكلم  (ḍamīr al-mutakallim) learn more pronoun of the speaker
ضمير المخاطب (ḍamīr al-mukhātab) learn more pronoun of the addressed  
ضمير الغائب (ḍamīr al-ġāyib) learn more pronoun of the absent
ضمير متصل (ḍamīr mutaṣṣal) learn more connected pronoun
ضمير منفصل (ḍamīr munfaṣal) learn more separate pronoun
ضمير مستسر (ḍamīr mustatar) learn more implied pronoun
اسم منقوص (ism manqūṣ) learn more defective noun
لفظ دخيل (lafẓ dakhīl) learn more loanword
همزة القطع (hamzat al-qat‘) learn more strong hamza
همزة الوصل (hamzat al-waṣl) learn more weak hamza
الف مهموزة (alif hamza) learn more alif hamza
 
تشديد (tashdīd) learn more consonant doubling (gemination)
مدّة (madda) learn more madda
ألف طويلة (alif Tawīla) learn more normal alif
 ألف قصيرة (alif qaSīra) learn more „Dagger“ Alif
ألف مقصورة (alif maqSūra) learn more  
الف قائمة (alif qā’ima) learn more  
ألف الفاصلة (alif al-fāSila) learn more separating alif
الحروف الشمسية (al-ḥurūf aš-šamsiyye) learn more sun letters
الحروف القمرية (al-ḥurūf al-qamariyye) learn more moon letters
حروف العطف (ḥurūf al-‘aṭf) learn more connectors
فاء عاطفة learn more  
نيابة عن / مكان (makān / niyābatan ‘an) learn more in place of
نون التوكيد (nūn at-tawkīd) learn more nūn of emphasis
أحرف التنبيهِ (aḥruf at-tanbīh) learn more letters/particles of attention
مجهور (majhūr) learn more voiced
همس (hams) learn more voiceless
لفظ الجلالة (lafẓ al-jalāla) learn more